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Set
at the foot of the magnificent rolling Mendip Hills, Wells is
reputed to be England's smallest city, with a population of only
10,000. Taking its name from the three fresh water springs in
the grounds of the Bishop's Palace, open channels of water still
run alongside the Market Place and the High Street.
Wells
developed as a religious site over the centuries, and the tiny
city has grown around its Cathedral, which has been described
as a jewel in the crown of English Cathedrals. Its great West
Front of c.1240 with nearly 300 surviving carved figures, is the
largest collection of figure sculpture of its date in the western
world. In about 705 AD a church was founded in Wells by Aldheim,
Bishop of Sherborne. In 909 it was granted cathedral status. The
construction of the present cathedral church was started in about
1180 and dedicated in 1239.
Perhaps
the best known of the Cathedral's many treasures is the clock
which was installed in c.1390. It has the oldest original clock-dial
still in existence. As the inside clock strikes every quarter
of an hour, the quarter-jack, Jack Blandiver kicks his heels to
ring the bells. On the hour he rings the bell in front of him.
Above the clock dials, four knights on horseback chase each other
round, and one knight is knocked over at each revolution.
Also of architectural and historical note is the Bishop's Place
with its surrounding walls, gatehouse, drawbridge and moat. The
moat contains the famous swans who have learned to ring a bell
below the gatehouse when they want food. On the central lawn,
where the Palace Croquet Club plays during the summer months,
there is a black walnut tree nearly two hundred years old.
A
mile from the city are the Wookey Hole caves which were formed
thousands of years ago by the river Axe which eroded the limestone
into passages, pools and chambers deep underground. The caves
were once occupied by man, and, according to legend, by the Witch
of Wookey.
Further afield are Glastonbury with its famous Tor, the Cheddar
Gorge and Longleat
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